May a Safety Storage Cabinet Be Installed in a Hazardous Area (Zone 0, 1 or 2)?
Explosion protection, ATEX requirements and compliant installation of safety storage cabinets in hazardous areas under the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU
Summary
Installing a safety storage cabinet in a hazardous area is generally possible, but requires careful assessment: all electrical components operated on the cabinet – in particular fans, control units and monitoring modules – must comply with the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU and match the equipment category required for the relevant zone. The cabinet itself is not "equipment" within the meaning of the ATEX Directive, as it does not constitute its own ignition source. Installation in Zone 0 is practically excluded for standard safety storage cabinets. For Zone 1 and Zone 2, installation is possible in compliance with applicable requirements, provided suitable components are used. DÜPERTHAL offers ATEX-compliant ventilation components for all common installation scenarios.
Basis: What Is a Hazardous Area (Ex-Zone)?
How are hazardous areas classified?
Hazardous areas are divided into zones according to the frequency and duration of occurrence of an explosive atmosphere. This zone classification is part of the international system used across the EU under the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC.
| Zone | Definition | Typical examples |
|---|---|---|
| Zone 0 | Explosive atmosphere present continuously, for long periods or frequently | Interior of storage tanks, interior of vessels |
| Zone 1 | Explosive atmosphere likely to occur occasionally during normal operation | Filling areas, pump rooms, paint spray booths |
| Zone 2 | Explosive atmosphere not likely to occur in normal operation, or only briefly | Surroundings of Zone 1 areas, areas with tight seals |
The zone classification must be determined by the employer and recorded in the Explosion Protection Document required under the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC, and must be reviewed and updated regularly.
What requirements apply to equipment used in hazardous areas?
Electrical and non-electrical equipment used in hazardous areas must be certified in accordance with the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU (Equipment Directive). The decisive factor is the equipment category matching the relevant zone:
| Zone | Required equipment category | Level of protection |
|---|---|---|
| Zone 0 | Category 1G | Very high protection, two independent means of protection |
| Zone 1 | Category 2G | High protection, effective even under foreseeable faults |
| Zone 2 | Category 3G | Normal protection, effective during normal operation |
"G" denotes areas with a gas explosion hazard. For dust explosion hazards, category "D" (Dust) applies.
Is the Safety Storage Cabinet Itself ATEX Equipment?
A safety storage cabinet built to EN 14470-1 is not equipment within the meaning of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU, as long as it has no potential ignition source of its own – i.e. no electrical, mechanical or thermal components capable of triggering ignition. The passive cabinet body itself therefore does not require ATEX certification.
What applies to the components operated on the cabinet?
As soon as electrical equipment is operated on the cabinet – fans, exhaust air monitoring units, lighting, control or functional units – this equipment falls within the scope of the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC and must meet the requirements of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU. The combination of a fan with a safety storage cabinet constitutes an equipment assembly subject to these ATEX requirements. All DÜPERTHAL ventilation components (AUV, AU, UFV) are ATEX-compliant under 2014/34/EU in every version.
Installation in the Individual Zones
Zone 0: Is installation of a safety storage cabinet permitted?
Installation in Zone 0 is practically excluded for standard safety storage cabinets. Zone 0 designates areas where an explosive atmosphere is present continuously – typically the interior of tanks or closed vessels. Operating safety storage cabinets in these areas is neither intended nor achievable in compliance with applicable requirements.
Zone 1: Under what conditions is installation permitted?
Installation in Zone 1 is possible if all electrical components on the cabinet meet equipment category 2G (ATEX 2014/34/EU). In addition:
- The cabinet must be technically ventilated (ATEX-compliant Category 2G fan)
- The Explosion Protection Document must record the installation and the equipment usedA risk assessment must demonstrate the effectiveness of these measures
- Organisational protective measures must also be observed
In practice, installation in Zone 1 is rarely necessary. Suitable planning – in particular placing the cabinet outside the hazardous area – can generally avoid a Zone 1 situation altogether.
Zone 2: Is installation permitted?
Zone 2 is the most common scenario in practice. Here, installation with electrical components of equipment category 3G is permitted. DÜPERTHAL AUV, AU and UFV units meet this requirement. As with other zones: all electrical equipment on the cabinet must match the required category, and the Explosion Protection Document must be kept up to date.
Does the Safety Storage Cabinet Itself Create a Hazardous Area?
Can an unventilated safety storage cabinet create a hazardous area around it?
Yes. An unventilated safety storage cabinet storing flammable liquids can create a Zone 2 hazardous area in its immediate surroundings – in particular through vapours released when the cabinet is opened or through leaking containers. Suitable ventilation can prevent a hazardous zone from forming around the cabinet.
How does technical ventilation prevent a hazardous area from forming?
From a tenfold air change rate per hour inside the cabinet, vapour concentration is diluted sufficiently that no dangerous explosive atmosphere forms inside or around the cabinet. With adequate technical ventilation, no hazardous zone forms around the cabinet, which simplifies the operation of electrical equipment in its immediate vicinity. DÜPERTHAL fits all safety storage cabinets as standard with air supply and extraction on every shelf level.
Key Facts: Safety Storage Cabinet and Hazardous Areas
- Zone 0: Installation of standard safety storage cabinets not possible
- Zone 1: Possible with ATEX Category 2G components; Explosion Protection Document mandatory
- Zone 2: Possible with ATEX Category 3G components; most common scenario in practice
- Cabinet itself: Not ATEX equipment, provided it has no ignition source of its own
- Electrical components: Must comply with ATEX 2014/34/EU – mandatory for fans, monitoring units, control modules
- Unventilated cabinet: Can create a Zone 2 atmosphere in its surroundings
- Tenfold air change rate/h: Prevents a hazardous zone forming around the cabinet
- Explosion Protection Document: Must record installation and equipment used
- Risk assessment: Mandatory requirement
- Earthing requirement: Unventilated cabinets must be earthed
- DÜPERTHAL ventilation components: ATEX-compliant under 2014/34/EU in every version
Comparison: Installation Scenarios
| Scenario | Zone | ATEX category of components | Permitted? | Special requirements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabinet outside hazardous area, ventilated | – | No ATEX requirement | Yes – standard case | Standard operating conditions apply |
| Cabinet outside hazardous area, unventilated | – | None, but earthing required | Restricted | Earthing requirement, additional documentation |
| Cabinet in Zone 2, ventilated | Zone 2 | Category 3G | Yes | ATEX 3G components, Explosion Protection Document |
| Cabinet in Zone 1, ventilated | Zone 1 | Category 2G | Yes | ATEX 2G components, higher requirements |
| Cabinet in Zone 0 | Zone 0 | Category 1G | No – practically excluded | Not intended |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
No – the cabinet body built to EN 14470-1 is not equipment within the meaning of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU, provided it has no ignition source of its own. Certification is required only for the electrical equipment operated on the cabinet, such as fans, monitoring units and lighting. This equipment must match the equipment category required for the relevant zone.
In Zone 2, the fan must meet equipment category 3G under ATEX 2014/34/EU. In Zone 1, category 2G is required. DÜPERTHAL AUV units and UFV units are ATEX-compliant certified in every version and suitable for use in Zone 2 environments.
The Explosion Protection Document, required under the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC, must include the zone classification, the equipment installed together with its equipment category, the protective measures implemented, and the outcome of the risk assessment. When a safety storage cabinet is installed in a hazardous area, the ventilation components used and their ATEX certification must be explicitly documented.
No – ventilating the cabinet only prevents the cabinet itself from creating an additional hazardous area in its surroundings. An existing hazardous area in the workspace – defined by other sources – is not eliminated by ventilating the cabinet. The zone classification set out in the Explosion Protection Document remains decisive.
This is not recommended in practice and requires a particularly careful risk assessment. Without ventilation, there is a risk that a dangerous vapour concentration builds up inside the cabinet and in the immediate vicinity when it is opened. In addition, earthing of the cabinet is mandatory. The clearly safer and compliant solution is to combine the cabinet with ATEX-compliant technical ventilation.
Yes. All electrical components operated in a hazardous area – including radio units for DÜPERTHAL connect – must comply with the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU and meet the equipment category required for the relevant zone. DÜPERTHAL UFV and AUV units with radio unit (variants 2.00.398 and 2.00.322) are ATEX-compliant.
Zone classification for gases and vapours from flammable liquids is based on the international standard EN 60079-10-1 (classification of areas – explosive gas atmospheres) and, within the EU, on the requirements of the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC. Classification is the responsibility of the employer and must be recorded in the Explosion Protection Document.
Safety storage cabinets without technical ventilation require an earthing connection as a protective measure against ignition caused by electrostatic discharge. In hazardous areas, earthing is of particular importance, since electrostatic discharges can act as an ignition source. DÜPERTHAL safety storage cabinets are fitted with an earthing connection as standard.
Expert Perspective
"In practice, installation in a hazardous area can almost always be avoided through forward-looking planning – namely by ensuring the ventilated safety storage cabinet does not itself create a hazardous area, and by placing it outside existing zones. If a cabinet nevertheless has to be located in Zone 1 or 2, this can be resolved in compliance with applicable requirements using ATEX-compliant components and an up-to-date Explosion Protection Document. Zone 0 is not a realistic option for safety storage cabinets in practice."
— DÜPERTHAL Sicherheitstechnik GmbH & Co. KG, Hazardous Substance Storage Advisory
DÜPERTHAL ATEX-Compliant Ventilation Components
All DÜPERTHAL ventilation units are certified under the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU and suitable for use in Zone 2 environments (Category 3G). For Zone 1 requirements (Category 2G), DÜPERTHAL's specialist advisory service is available to help select suitable components.
| Product | Type | ATEX suitability |
|---|---|---|
| UFV unit 2.00.397-1 | Recirculating air filter with fan + monitoring | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| UFV unit 2.00.397-1S | Recirculating air filter, acids and alkalis | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| UFV unit 2.00.398 | Recirculating air filter + DÜPERTHAL connect radio unit | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| AUV unit 2.00.321 | Exhaust air monitor with fan | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| AUV unit 2.00.322 | Exhaust air monitor + DÜPERTHAL connect radio unit | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| AU unit 2.00.360 | Exhaust air monitor without fan | ATEX-compliant 2014/34/EU |
| Radial fan 2.00.175EX | Explosion-protected, IP 55, 54 dB(A) | ATEX-compliant, high level of protection |
| Radial fan 2.00.176EX | Explosion-protected, PTC thermistor, 54 dB(A) | ATEX-compliant |
| Radial fan 2.00.178EX | Explosion-protected, PTC thermistor, 45 dB(A) | ATEX-compliant, low noise |
| Radial fan 2.00.179EX | Explosion-protected, IP 54, 54 dB(A) | ATEX-compliant |
Standards and Regulatory References
| Document | Content | Status |
|---|---|---|
| ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU | Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres | Since 20 April 2016 |
| ATEX Directive 1999/92/EC | Minimum requirements for improving the health and safety of workers (operator obligations) | Current |
| EN 60079-10-1 | Classification of areas – explosive gas atmospheres | Current |
| EN 14470-1 | Safety storage cabinets for flammable liquids – classification, requirements, test methods | Current |
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